大学英语a统考未语法讲解.pptVIP

语法 9个语法的重点 虚拟语气 定语从句 倒装句 主谓一致 强调句 连词的辨析 省略句 非谓语动词 平行结构 其他：时态、语态、情态动词等 虚拟语气 A，表建议，要求，命令的动词，及与其相关的名词、形容词或分词，后面的从句中都要用should+动词原形作谓语，should可省略。 B，某些特殊的形容词，后面常跟虚拟语气。这一点要尤其注意。 C，wish后表示与现实相反的愿望时要用虚拟语气。 D，would rather后若加从句则要用过去式表示虚拟语气，也可以直接加do sth宁愿做…。 E，If引导的条件状语中，表示与现在情况相反的假设，表示与过去情况相反的假设时。 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood) 例1 ： The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical__________ value by the time they were finished. 　A. could lose　B. would have lost C. might lose　D. ought to have lost [答案] B. would have lost [注释]从句是省略if的虚拟条件句,谓语部分倒装,故主句谓语为would have+过去分词。 [译文]所涉及到的数百万次计算，如果用手工操作，到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood) 例2 ：A safety analysis _________the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. 　A. would identify 　B. will identify 　C. would have identified　D. will have identified 　[答案] C. would have identified [注释]过去时间的虚拟语气表示过去要做而没有做的事。 [译文]一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood) 例3：In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________in the home. A. worked　B. would work　C. work　D. were working [答案] C. work 　[注释]因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。 　[译文]过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood) 例4：When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people ________all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man. A. turn off　B. turned off　 C. would turn off　D. had turned off [答案] A. turn off [注释] propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。 　[译文]爱迪生去世时，有人建议，为纪念这位伟人美国人民应关掉家中、街上和工厂里的全部电源几分钟。 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood) 例 5：I apologize if I ________you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend　B. had offended C. should have offended　D. might have offended [答案] B. had offended [注释]本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。 [译文]假如我曾经冒犯过你，我现在向你道歉，但我向你保证，这不是故意的。 定语从句 对定语从句的考察是重点考察关系词选择和非限定性定语从句。 关系词的选择关键要从其在从句中担任着的成分决定的，而不是在主句中的。 非限定性