2019高考英语江苏专用考前90天二轮复习实用课件：专题一 语法知识 第5节 第2讲 .pptxVIP

第2讲　被动语态;被动语态的构成;英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种语态形式。被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、数和时态的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：;完成;1.只有及物动词或短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态。 Many stars appear in the sky at night. 晚上天空会出现很多星星。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown since reform and opening-up. 改革开放以来，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。;2.被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态；除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。 Her car got stolen at the weekend. 她的车在周末被人偷了。 Tigers become endangered.老虎濒临灭绝。;3.在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等与后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式中的to要省略，但变为被动结构时，不能省to。 The boss makes them work twelve hours every day. →They are made to work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二个小时。;4.主动形式表示被动含义： (1)某些连系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等可用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。 The water feels warm.水摸上去很温。 The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。 (2)表示主语的某种属性、特性、性能或品质的词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，lock，look，shut等。 The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly.这书销售得快。 Cheese cuts easily.奶酪很好切。;(3)某些动词及动词短语，如happen, take place, occur, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out等。 The story happened in the 1990s.故事发生在20世纪90年代。 (4)在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，这时应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多，最常用的有hard，dangerous，difficult，easy，important，nice，pleasant等。 That question is difficult to answer. 那个问题不容易回答。 Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.鸡腿很好吃。;(5)表示“需要”的need，want，require以及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。 The shoes need washing.鞋子需要洗了。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。;1.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ in the past two years.(2018·江苏，30) A.had been carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out;2.Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018·北京，4) A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked;3.My washing machine ________ this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018·天津，13) A.was