Fracture Calibration Tests - Mini-Fracs(小型压裂测试).pptxVIP

Fracture Calibration Tests - Mini-Fracs1. Introduction2. After Closure Analysis (ACA)3. Analytic Simulations of CTP Case4. Nolte G-Function Analysis5. Field Examples6. Application of an NGWFT to DFIT7. Minifrac in Shale Gas ReservoirsSection 1IntroductionObjectives of Minifracs (Fracture Calibration Tests)?????Primary Diagnostic Technique to Quantify Formation StressesDevelop an Optimised Proppant Injection ScheduleAssess Fluid Loss Behaviour and Formation ComplianceProvide a Qualitative Description of the Wellbore to Fracture CommunicationDetermine Formation Pressure and PermeabilitySome Causes of Uncertainy???Specialised Plots offer multiple possibilities for selecting closure pressureNo well defined technique currently exists to estimate spurtLeakoff computation depends on the formation compliance, for which accurate estimates may not be available a prioriAccording to GulrajaniCalibration Treatment Pressure Histor y FractureTreatmentPressure Decline9000Fracture Closing BHP 8000 pw 7000(psia)Transient reservoir pressurenear wellbore Fracture closure ?pfNet fracture pressure = pw ? pcClosure Pressure, pc= horizontal rock stress Reservoir pressure6000~ ~ ~5000384042444648505658TimeFig 19.1.1After NolteMinifrac Pressure and Rate Histor yFracture Initiation Fracture Propagation PeriodFracture Closure Period AfterClosure Period(ACA)Pressure (BHP) RateApproximating RateSchedule based on CTP inner BC Fracture ClosureISIP pc Pump Shutin qsfqs =qpumpppitoctictsctcctpTimetcFig 19.1.2Minifrac Procedure??????Fracture calibration or injection testFracturing fluid, intended for the main treatment, is pumped at a constant rate of a sufficient magnitude to achieve fracturing pressureAfter several minutes (usually 20 – 30) the pumps are shut off and the BHP declines (falloff)During pumping, while the fracture volume grows, some of the fracturing fluid leaks off into the formationAfter pumping ends, the fluid leakoff into the formation continues until the fracture is closedMaterial