培根《论读书》析.pptxVIP

Of Study; 培根的Of?Study一文，写于四百年前。在今天的英国，此文当属古典文论，其用语不仅典雅，而且古奥，甚至玄秘。四百年前的语言，既便是当时通俗透顶的平民口语，在今人听来，亦充满“古色古香”之感。; 培根是四百年前英国的哲人名士，学富五车，文震朝野，其散论札记当时亦属上乘之作。在四百多年来的英国文学史上，培根的文论以其思想精深、艺术精湛和文学精绝而风骚独领。其在英国文学与思想界之影响，颇似唐宋八大家之在中国，历久弥新。;Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.;For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.;They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.;Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.;Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.;Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.;Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.;Reading make?a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. ;And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had ne