基于fpga时差法超声波风速风向传感器系统的研究-等离子体物理专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 随着经济的发展，流量测量在工业、农业生产中的作用越来越重要。风速风 向的测量在风力发电中起着尤为重要的作用。超声波测量仪表作为一种非接触式 仪器在测量领域有着广泛的应用。超声波风速风向测量系统与传统的相比较，没 有旋转部件，不存在机械磨损，测量精度高等优点。 系统采用了时差法测量风速风向原理设计了基于时差法 FPGA 超声波风速风 向传感器系统。系统分为前端电路与后端电路。前端电路包括了探头低压驱动电 路、前置放大电路、滤波电路、电压比较电路、信号隔离电路；使用低压驱动超 声波探头，降低了系统调试的难度与复杂度。后端电路包括信号激励电路、信号 检测电路、FIFO 电路、LCD 的驱动电路、UART 协议电路。经过验证，系统能够 完成对超声波信号的发射和采集，并且能得到超声波信号的飞行时间，该方案基 本上能达到设计要求，由于实验条件限制，测量系统的精度指标还无法测出。最 后，对系统设计进行了总结，并且给出了系统的改进意见。 关键词：超声波；风速风向；时差法；FPGA；低压驱动 I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With economic development, flow measurement in industry and agriculture is an important role. Measurement of wind velocity and direction of the wind power generating plays a very important role. Ultrasonic measurement instruments as a non-contract in the field of the instruments have wide application. Ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement system compared with the traditional which has high measurement accuracy, no rotating parts, and no mechanical wear. The design uses the time-difference measured wind speed and direction, designs ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor system which includes front-end circuits and back-end circuits based on the time-difference using FPGA. The Front-end circuits include the sensor’s low-voltage drive circuit, preamplifier circuit, filter circuit, the voltage comparator circuit and the signal isolation circuit. Using low voltage drive drives the sensor can reduce the debugging of the system. Back-end circuits include the signal generator circuit, the signal detection circuit, FIFO circuit, LCD driver circuit and UART protocol Circuit. The system can launch and receive ultrasonic signal, and get the time of flight of ultrasonic signal according to design precision after verification. The scheme is basically able to reach the design requirements; measurement precision indicator of the system can not be measured because of conditions of the experiment. At the end, we get a summary of the system design, and give the system improvements. Keywo