2014年秋人教版九年级英语第九单元语法知识(定语从句).docVIP

第九单元语法知识（定语从句） 定语从句：在复合从句中作定语（解释，定语：起修饰和限制作用的语言单位，由形容词充当），修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句总是放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词that, which, who, whom(宾格），whose（所有格）或关系副词（where, when, why). 定语从句在复合句中对先行词起着修饰，限定作用，在句中充当定语的功能。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，即起连接作用，又充当从句的重要成分。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略，而关系代词在定语从句中作主语或定语时则不能省略。 注意：关系代词that即可指人，也可指物，指物时可与which互换，指人时可与who 或whom互换,但指人时多用who 或whom that (指人或物） 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 eg: I like movies that / which make me laugh. The people who / that came to visit the city are all here. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning. which （指物,不能指人）在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 eg: Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. This is the pen which / that he bought yesterday. I prefer books which / that give me something to think about. who (指人，不能指物） 在定语从句中做主语 eg: The boys who / that are playing football are from Class one. I will invite someone who likes me. 4. whom (指人，不能指物）在定语从句中只能做宾语，其前没有介词时，可用who/ whom代替，也可省略 eg: Mr. Liu is the person whom / that you talked about. He is the man whom / that you would like to see. whose （指人或物）在定语从句中作定语，可与of which互换 eg: Is there anyone in your class whose / of which mother is a teacher ? He has a friend whose / of which father is a doctor. Do you like the book whose / of which color is green ? where (指地点）可与in which互换, 在定语从句中作地点状语，用来表示地点的定语从句 eg: Shanghai is the city where / in which I was born. when (指时间）可与on which互换,在定语从句中作时间状语，用来表示时间的定语从句 eg: I still remember the day when / on which I first came to the school. why(指原因）可与for which互换, 在定语从句中作原因状语，用来表示原因的定语从句 eg: Please tell me the reason why / for which you missed the plane. 只用that引导的定语从句，不用which, who, whom的情况有： 当先新词为anything, nothing, something, everything等指物的不定代词和all, much等时 eg: We should do everything that is useful to the people. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, one of, the only, the same, the very, the last, just 等词修饰时； eg: Mary