超敏反应研课程2015年.pptxVIP

超敏反应? Hypersensitivity; 超敏反应 是指机体接触某些抗原致敏后，再次受到相同抗原刺激时表现出的增高的敏感性或增强的反应性，出现以生理功能紊乱或组织细胞损伤为主的异常的特异性免疫应答。;;Ⅰ型超敏反应 Ⅱ型超敏反应 Ⅲ型超敏反应 Ⅳ型超敏反应;Ⅰ型超敏反应;General mechanism underlying a type I hypersensitive reaction;1.抗原（特应性抗原atopic antigen或变应原allergen） 2.抗体（IgE） 3.IgE与高亲和力IgE受体 4.肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞 5.肥大细胞活化的信号途径和过敏介质 6.病理生理变化（速发相反应immediate reaction和 迟发相反应late phase reaction） 7.调节性T细胞和Th17细胞在过敏性疾病中的作用 8.速发型超敏反应与遗传和环境;通过不同途径进入机体的常见变应原 ;Properties of inhaled allergens;Modified Th2 cells response; IgE受体（Fc?R）有两种类型：一类为高???和力受体，即Fc?RI，此类受体与Fc稳定结合；另一类为低亲和力受体，称为Fc?RII，它和IgE结合的亲和力比Fc?RI低100-1000倍。Fc?RI还有两个异构体，分别表达于IL-4刺激过的B细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸粒细胞表面。;Antigen binding to IgE on mast cells leads to amplification of IgE production;肥大细胞;;;;;Mast-cell activation has different effects on different tissues;;;速发相反应;;;Regulatory T cells. Regulatory T cells are generated by self antigen recognition in the thymus (sometimes called natural regulatory cells) and (probably to a lesser extent) by antigen recognition in peripheral lymphoid organs (called inducible or adaptive regulatory cells). The development and survival of these regulatory T cells require IL-2 and the transcription factor FoxP3. In peripheral tissues, regulatory T cells suppress the activation and effector functions of other, self-reactive and potentially pathogenic lymphocytes.;IL-10对超敏反应的调节作用; Proposed model for the role of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-25 (IL-17E) during allergic inflammation. Invaded pathogens or allergens can trigger inflammatory response that induce the differentiation or infiltration of IL-17-producing T cells. IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 can induce structural cells and infiltrated innate cells to produce large amount of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, thereby augmenting inflammatory responses. During chronic inflammation, infiltrated mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and injured structural cells produce IL-25 that can enhance Th2 cytokines production, in particular IL-5 and IL-13 by DC-acti