从‘狂狷’到‘任诞’——魏晋任诞风气的再探讨.PDFVIP

從 「狂狷」到 「任誕」 ——魏晉任誕風氣的再探討 范樂陶 摘要 雖然魏晉時期老莊學說盛行，但魏晉的「任誕」之風實際上卻是從儒家的「狂狷」 精神而來。孔子言「狂者進取，狷者有所不為」，這種特殊形態的道德人格到了政治黑 暗的東漢末年，在黨人中變得流行起來。而魏晉時期政治家對傳統儒家集團的解構重組， 與當時思想潮流對「才」的強調，則使得「狂狷」人格與政治漸漸疏遠，其典型便是竹 林七賢。進入西晉，統一後的安逸生活使得「狷」型人格進一步被剝離了道德的內涵 ， 而只剩 表面上的狂行誕舉。到了東晉，「任誕」則在有限的反思中逐漸昇 華為倡導「通 脫自然」的審美情懷。 關鍵詞：魏晉 ，狂狷，任誕，世說新語 22 From “Kuang Juan” to “Ren Dan” ───A Further Discussion of “Ren Dan” which is the General Mood in Wei-Jin Dynasties Fan Letao Abstract Though Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu were prevalent in Wei-Jin Dynasties, the fashion of “Ren Dan”(free and unrestrained) evolved from “Kuang Juan”(impetuous and hasty), which belongs to Confucianism. Confucius said: “For the impetuous at any rate assert themselves; and the hasty have this at least to be said for them, that there are things they leave undone.”This special personality was popular belong the party members, in the end of Eastern Han Dynasty. In Wei-Jin Dynasties, the traditional Confucian bloc was deconstructed and reformed by politicians. And the emphasis of “talent” also made the personality of “Kuang Juan” removed from politics. The typical was “Seven Worthies of the Bamboo Grove”. In Western Jin Dynasty, the easy and comfortable life after the unification led the personality of “Juan” stripped from moral meanings. On the contrary, “Juan” remained only a superficial meaning which was absurd behaviors during that period. But in Eastern Jin Dynasty, “Ren Dan” sublimated to an aesthetic style, because of some limited self-reflection. Keywords ：Wei-Jin Dynasties, “Kuang Juan”, “Ren Dan”, A New Account of the Tales of the World