抗菌药物合理使用..ppt

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) led a task force of 10 agencies to develop a comprehensive plan to address the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance One of the top priority items in the plan is “In collaboration with many partners, develop and facilitate the implementation of educational and behavioral interventions that will assist clinicians in appropriate antimicrobial prescribing” In conjunction with the CDC Foundation, corporate partners, professional societies, healthcare organizations, public health agencies, and expert consultants, the CDC’s Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance is a nationwide effort to address this priority 1928年的一天，弗莱明在他的一间简陋的实验室里研究导致人体发热的葡萄球菌。由于盖子没有盖好，他发觉培养细菌用的琼脂上附了一层青霉菌。这是从楼上的一位研究青霉菌的学者的窗口飘落进来的。使弗莱明感到惊讶的是，在青霉菌的近旁，葡萄球菌忽然不见了。这个偶然的发现深深吸引了他，他设法培养这种霉菌进行多次试验，证明青霉素可以在几小时内将葡萄球菌全部杀死。弗莱明据此发明了葡萄球菌的克星—青霉素。 . ? PCR检测MRSA所需的时间：4小时，可以早期治疗 MDR：指≥3 类抗菌药物耐药 XDR：仅1-2种药物敏感（一般指多粘菌素和替加环素） PDR：指当时所能得到的及有潜在抗菌活性的所有药物耐药，包括多粘菌素和替加环素 23 24 CMK Ref 1, p 3, C2, Bullets 2, 3 Ref 2, p 185, C1, ?1, L7-12; p 189, C2, ?2, L4-7 Ref 3, p 153, C1, ?2, L1-7 Ref 3, p 151, C2, ? 1, L3-5 Ref 4, p 166, C2, ?4, L5-10, ?5, L1-3, 5-10 Ref 1, p 3, C1, ?4, L9-11 Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotic therapy is a worldwide problem with severe adverse outcomes. Among hospitalized patients, for example, antibiotic resistance has been associated with increases in morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased hospital costs.1,2 Unfortunately, the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens is not limited to hospitalized patients; resistance occurs in the outpatient setting as well.3 Inappropriate use of antibiotics, particularly overuse of a few agents, such as penicillin, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones, and excessive use of antibiotics among outpatients continue to be important factors in bacte