期末复习29琛736.pptVIP

Qauntum Mechanics Qauntum Mechanics 期末复习要求 1、Plank – Einstein Ralation 2、Wave-Particle Duality wave-like, particle-like wave--transmission particle—radiation, acting with matter 3、The statistical Interpretation of Wave Function quantum state of particle ? probability density, probability distribution function ? probability of finding the particle in volume element (r, r+dr) ? normalization NEXT Thus (?, ? ) = 1 3、The statistical Interpretation of Wave Function uncertain constant uncertain phase Note: 4、Transformation between coordinates and momentum Answer: Fourier Transform inverse transform: |? (p,t)|2 ? PD of momentum distribution 5、Expectation Value For variable A, the expectation value If ?(r) is not normalized, 6、Angular momentum operator 7、 Schr?dinger Equation of Unbound Particles If V=V(r), That is ---- Energy Eigenequation 8、 Schr?dinger Equation of Unbound Particles We say this ? (r, t) describes a stationary sate. If the wave function can be written as Features: (a) (b) time independent 9、 Superposition principle of quantum states Only ?1 or ?2 can exist. The probability of system take state ?1 is |c1|2. etc. 10、无限深势阱 其中 解为 在 x = 0处, NEXT 在 x = a处, 10、无限深势阱 即 NEXT 10、无限深势阱 于是 归一化本征函数 归一化波函数 11、算符的运算规则 对易式 NEXT 11、算符的运算规则 因此，厄米算符的定义式也可以写为 NEXT 11、算符的运算规则 在体系的任何状态下，其厄米算符的平均 值必为实数。 定理: 在体系的任何状态下，平均值均为实数的算符必为厄米算符。 厄米算符的本征值必为实数。 厄米算符的属于不同本征值的本征函数彼此正交。 NEXT 12、共同本征函数 不确定度 NEXT 12、共同本征函数 13、 Representations of quantum states For a variable F, we have a CSCO with common eigenfunction ?k, and ?k constructs the unit vectors of F in F representation. That is to say, (?k , ?j )=?kj Where F representation NEXT 13、 Representations of quantum states S is a unitary matrix. i.e. = The relationship between F rep. and F?rep. 14、 Matrix Forms of Mechanical Variable Where In F rep. 15、 Dirac Notation NEXT ket (right vector) |? quantum state bra (left vector) ? | conjugate state vector of | ? ? | ? * = ? | ? ? | ? = 0 orthogonal ? | ?