外文翻译--结构钢的时焊接性.doc

附录1 英文原文 Lecture 2.6: Weldability of Structural Steels The lecture briefly discusses the basics of the welding process and then examines the factors governing the weldability of structural steels. SUMMARY The fundamental aspects of the welding process are discussed. The lecture then focuses on the metallurgical parameters affecting the weldability of structural steels. A steel is considered to exhibit good weldability if joints in the steel possess adequate strength and toughness in service. Solidification cracking, heat affected zone - liquation cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, lamellar tearing, and re-heat cracking are described. These effects are detrimental to the performance of welded joints. Measures required to avoid them are examined. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 A Brief Description of the Welding Process Welding is a joining process in which joint production can be achieved with the use of high temperatures, high pressures or both. In this lecture, only the use of high temperatures to produce a joint is discussed since this is, by far, the most common method of welding structural steels. It is essentially a process in which an intense heat source is applied to the surfaces to be joined to achieve local melting. It is common for further filler metal to be added to the molten weld pool to bridge the gap between the surfaces and to produce the required weld shape and dimensions on cooling. The most common welding processes for structural steelwork use an electric arc maintained between the filler metal rod and the workpiece to provide the intense heat source. If unprotected, the molten metal in the weld pool can readily absorb oxygen and nitrogen from the atmosphere. This absorption would lead to porosity and brittleness in the solidified weld metal. The techniques used to avoid gas absorption in the weld pool vary according to the welding process. The main welding processes used to join structural steels are considered in more detail below. 1.2 The Main Welding P