地应力对巷道围岩稳定性的影响及支护对策研究-采矿工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 地应力与围岩强度的关系是导致巷道变形破坏的重要影响因素，在围岩强度 一定的前提下，地应力的两个典型特征即主应力大小、方向不同时，对围岩稳定 性的影响有所区别，在不同类型初始地应力场作用下，巷道宽高比不同时，会导 致围岩不同部位的变形破坏趋势不同。在巷道支护工作中，地应力测试得到的结 果没有很好地起到指导支护的作用，需要通过分析地应力对巷道围岩稳定性的影 响，进而提出相应的支护对策。本文借助弹塑性力学方法、数值模拟和现场实例 分析等手段研究了地应力对围岩稳定性的影响及支护对策，主要得出以下成果： 地应力中水平应力和垂直应力分别是决定顶板和两帮破坏的主要因素，对于 水平应力大于垂直应力的构造应力场，顶板破坏相较于两帮更为严重；垂直应力 大于水平应力的自重应力场，两帮破坏更严重。巷道走向与最大水平主应力方向 的夹角介于 30°~60°之间时，巷道两侧非对称破坏现象比较明显，夹角为 45°时， 这种非对称现象最严重。构造应力场下，巷道宽高比较大时，对顶板和两帮的维 护有利；自重应力场下，巷道宽高比较小时，对围岩稳定有利。 根据地应力与巷道围岩稳定性的相关性分析，提出了基于地应力的巷道支护 与布置对策：构造应力场下巷道变形与破坏重点部位在于顶板，自重应力场下重 点部位在于两帮，采用高强锚杆与锚索联合支护协调发挥作用能有效提高重点部 位围岩的稳定性。矩形巷道的直角处是发生剪切破坏最严重的部位，应对直角处 进行及时、高强支护。构造应力场下优先选择宽度大于高度的巷道断面，自重应 力场下优先选择高度较大的断面。当巷道走向与最大水平主应力成较大夹角斜交 时，应采取不对称支护对策，针对变形破坏较严重的一侧进行加强支护。 关键词：地应力；构造应力场；自重应力场；围岩稳定性；支护对策；数值模拟 Abstract Relationship between in-situ stress and rock strength is an important factor leading to roadway failure and deformation，when rock strength is certain, two typical features of in-situ stress: principal stress magnitude and their directions deeply influence the stability of surrounding rocks. Roadway’s different width to height ratio will lead to different parts of surrounding rock’s deformation and failure trends. In roadway supporting works, the results of in-stress tests are not well playing a guiding role in roadway supporting, through analysis of the effect in-situ stress on stability of roadway surrounding rock and then propose appropriate supporting measures can achieve good results. With the help of means elasto-plastic mechanics, numerical simulation and field case study, this paper studied the impacts of in-situ stress on stability of roadway surrounding rock and supporting measures，mainly achieved the following research results: Horizontal stress and vertical stress of in-situ stress are respectively the major cause of the roadway failure and deformation in roof and sides. When roadway lies in tectonic stress field, horizontal stress is larger than vertical stress, failure and deformation in roof is