雅安水环境生态风险说评价研究.doc

PAGE PAGE 52 雅安水环境生态风险评价研究 信息与工程技术学院 农业水利工程专业 谭尧升 （指导教师：倪福全 职称：教授） 摘要：生态风险评价是生态科学研究的重要领域，是环境风险评价的重要组成部分。本文应用生态风险评价的基本原理和方法，针对雅安水环境的具体情况，构建了该区生态风险的评价模型，并利用层次分析法和模糊综合评判两种方法分别对模型进行计算。评判过程利用MATLAB工具进行编程，避免了繁杂的人工计算，而快速、准确的得到各个区县的风险等级。最后借助于GIS的相关功能，作出研究区生态风险等级的专题地图。结果表明：宝兴县的生态风险等级为Ⅰ级，属较轻风险；汉源县、庐山县、荥经县的生态风险等级为Ⅱ级，属轻度风险；石棉县、天全县、名山县的生态风险等级为Ⅲ级，属中度风险；雨城区的生态风险等级为Ⅴ级，属重度风险，建议重点研究和治理该区的水生态环境问题。研究结论揭示了研究区内不同区县水生态环境问题的严重程度，为应用者和决策者改善本区生态环境的质量，提供了理论依据和技术支持。 关键词：雅安；生态风险评价；层次分析法；模糊综合评价；MATLAB；GIS Ya’an Ecological Risk Assessment for Water Environment College of Information Engineering, Agriculture Hydraulic Engineering: TAN Yaosheng Tutor:NI Fuquan Abstract：Ecological risk assessment is an important area of ecological science research and a significant component of environmental risk assessment. Based on basic principles and methods of ecological risk assessment, for specific situation of water environment in Ya’an, the paper builds ecological risk assessment model of this area and applies AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to calculate the model. MATLAB is used to conduct programming in evaluation process, avoiding the complicated manual calculation, thus, ecological risk levels of all districts and counties are obtained quickly and accurately. Finally, GIS-related functions are used to make thematic maps of ecological risk level in study area. The results show: ecological risk level of Baoxing is Ⅰ, belonging to relatively slight risk; ecological risk level of Hanyuan, Lushan, Yingjing is Ⅱ, belonging to slight risk; ecological risk level in Shimian, Tianquan, Mingshan is Ⅲ, belonging to moderate risk; ecological risk level in Yucheng is Ⅴ, belonging to severe risk, with focus on research and management of aquatic ecosystem problems recommend. Research conclusion reveals the degree of aquatic ecosystem problems in different districts and counties of the study area, furthermore, providing theoretical basis and technical support for decision-makers to improve the ecological e