大学分子生物学经典双语.pptVIP

Contents 2.1 Structure of DNA X~ray photograph of DNA with high quality：DNA specimens from different species have the same results（constant width; 3.4nm）； Chargaff rules：the rule of the composition of DNA Physical chemistry studies and acid and alkali titrate studies on DNA base ； The bases lie on the inside，the sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside; The bases are flat structure, lying in pairs perpendicular to the axis The diameter of the double helix is 2nm; There is a complete turn every 3.4nm, with 10bp per turn. 2.1.2.1 Stable factors of the double helix Base-stacking interaction（hydrophobic effect, the major factor）； Hydrogen bond between complementary base pairs； electrovalent bond（between the negative charges carried on the phosphate groups and the positive charges carried on the proteins or metal ions） 2.1.2.2 Conformation polymorphism of the double helix Linking number(L) Twisting number(T) 缠绕数 Writhing number(W) 扭曲数 L=T+W Positive supercoils Positive supercoils Type II topoisomerase Contents 2.2 Denaturation, renaturation and hybridization pH（11.3或5.0） Chemical denaturation (urea、methanal 甲醛) Thermal denaturation Low ion strength低离子强度 biological activity changed (even lost)； viscosity decreased，粘度solubility decreased,溶解度 Hyperchromicity: the absorbance of ssDNA is greater than that dsDNA.增色 Definition：the renaturation of regions of complementarity between different nucleic acid strands(DNA or RNA) Characteristic：sensitive、specific Southern blotting Northern blotting dot bloting in situ hybridization Western blotting Southern blotting dot blotting FISH mFISH Contents 2.3 Concept of gene Mendel’s laws Law of segregation Law of independent assortment 1909 Wilhelm Johannsen , a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre (The Elements of Heredity) . It was in this book introduced the term . Trans- configuration Cistron —— an alternative forms of genes