脉管系西统和心.ppt

Angiology 脉管学 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 Angiology 脉管学 Composition Cardiovascular system 心血管系统 Lymphatic system 淋巴系统 The cardiovascular system 心血管系统 Organization Heart 心 A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Artery (a.) 动脉 Carry blood away from the heart Vein ( v.) 静脉 Carry blood back to the heart Capillary 毛细血管 Microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid The cardiovascular system心血管系统 Blood circulation Systemic circulation 体循环 Left ventricle→aorta and its branches → capillaries of body→superior and inferior vena cava→right atrium Pulmonary circulation 肺循环 Right ventricle→pulmonary a.→capillaries of lung → pulmonary v. →left atrium The cardiovascular system 心血管系统 Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合 Anastomosis between a. Anastomosis between v. Arteriolovenular anastomosis 动静脉吻合 Collateral vessels 侧副管 Collateral circulation 侧支循环 Position of the heart Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left Surfaces of the heart Pyramidal in shape, somewhat larger than a closed fist One apex One base Two surface Three borders Four sulcuses Surfaces of the heart Cardiac apex 心尖 Formed by left ventricle Directed downwards, forward, and to the left Lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1-2 cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Surfaces of the heart Cardiac base 心底 Formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium Faces backward, upward and to the right Continuous with the large vessels Surfaces of the heart Sternocostal surface 胸肋面 Formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ve