残余应力测试分析技术.pdf

第45 卷摇 第4 期 摇 摇 摇 表面技术 摇 摇 2016 年04 月 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY ·75· 試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試試 残余应力测试分析技术 宋俊凯, 黄小波, 高玉魁 (同济大学航空航天与力学学院, 上海200092) 摘摇 要: 对残余应力的测试在学术研究和工程应用中越来越重要,是获取零件服役条件以及工艺制造的 应力状态的重要方法,可以为零件寿命的预测和制造工艺的控制等提供重要的参考。 目前,残余应力的 测试方法多样。 介绍了残余应力的测试方法及其所能达到的测试层深,以及几种新型的残余应力的测试 方法及其适用的范围;阐述了残余应力的定义和形成机理,并对引入残余应力的常见表面形变强化工艺 进行了分析,介绍了不同的工艺下形成的残余应力的特征;最后,指出了对目前残余应力测试和研究中存 在的问题和发展趋势,提出了三维原位无损分析、残余应力和模拟相结合的跨学科系统研究以及形成相 关的大数据库平台系统将是未来发展的方向。 关键词: 残余应力; 表面强化; 喷丸; 激光冲击强化; 疲劳; X 射线衍射 中图分类号: TG115.22摇 摇 摇 文献标识码: A摇 摇 摇 文章编号: 1001鄄3660(2016)04鄄0075鄄08 DOI : 10.16490/j. cnki. issn.1001鄄3660.2016.04.013 Test and Analysis Technology of Residual Stress SONG Jun鄄kai ,HUANG Xiao鄄bo , GAO Yu鄄kui (School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China) ABSTRACT : Residual stress measurement is becoming more and more important in academic research and engineering applica鄄 tions and is an important method for obtaining the stress state of components service condition and the manufacturing process, which can provide important reference for the prediction of parts life and control of the manufacturing process. At present, there are vari鄄 ous testing methods of residual stress. This paper introduced the testing methods of residual stress and the layer depth that can be achieved. At the same time, several new methods of residual stress measurement and applicable scopes were introduced. The defi鄄 nition and formation mechanism of residual stress were briefly described in this paper and some common surface enhancement processes that can produce residual str