单片机控制的PWM直流电机调速系统设计.doc

精品 PAGE 单片机控制的PWM直流电机调速系统设计 摘 要 直流电机是人类最早发明和应用的一种电机。随着时代的发展，数字电子技术已经普及到我们生活、工作、科研各个领域。并且在各类机电系统中，由于直流电机具有良好的启动、制动和调速性能，直流电机调速系统已广泛应用于工业、航天领域的各个方面，最常用的直流技术是脉宽调制（PWM）直流调速技术，具有调速精度高，响应速度快，调速范围宽和损耗低的特点。而利用计算机数字控制也成了直流调速的一种手段，数字控制系统硬件电路的标准化程度高，控制软件能够进行复杂运算，可以实现不同于一般线性调节的最优化、自适应、非线性、智能化等控制规律。 本设计主要介绍了使用微控制器AT89S51的直流电机调速系统。论文主要介绍了直流电机调速系统的意义、基于单片机控制的PWM直流电机调速方法和PWM基本工作原理以及实现方法，通过对占空比的计算达到精确调速的目的。主电路主要采用四个小键盘控制AT89S51单片机，将数据传输给单片机并产生脉宽调制信号，然后通过电机驱动芯片L298对小型直流电机进行控制。本设计还附加了由霍尔开关CS3020、AT89S51单片机、74LS47七段数码管译码芯片和四位LED构成转速检测显示电路。通过按键的调试可以实现控制直流电机启动、停止、方向和速度。设计的整个系统，采用了大量的集成电路模块，大大简化了硬件电路，提高了系统的可靠性和稳定性。 最后在软件方面，介绍了主程序、键盘扫描子程序、PWM信号发生程序、测速子程序和显示子程序的编写思路以及具体的程序实现。 关键词 单片机AT89S51；直流电机；脉宽调制；转速检测 The Design of PWM Controlled DC Motor Speed Control System Based On Single Chip Abstract The DC motor is a kind of motors which was the first invented and applied by human. Along with the development of the ages, the numerical electronics technique has been already made widely available to our life, work, research, each realm. In all kinds of mechanical of speed, due to the DC motor has a good start, brake and the performance of speed, DC motor control system has been widely used in industry, space flight, most commonly used DC speed control technology is a pulse width modulation (PWM) DC speed control technology, which has a high precision, fast response time, high speed range and width of the low loss. The use of computer digital control has become a kind of method of DC speed control system, the hardware circuit of a high degree of standardization, control software to carry out complex operation can be realized, different from the general linear optimization and adjustment of the adaptive, nonlinear, intelligent control low. A speed governing system of DC motor by using AT89S51 microcontroller is mainly introduced in my design. This paper introduces the significance of a speed governing system of DC motor, a kind of method of DC motor speed modification, based on PWM theory by t