力力矩压力测量.PPT

Force measurement Lever balance methods Based on the principle of moments i.e. at static equilibrium the algebraic sum of the clockwise moments about an axis equals the anticlockwise moments.The moment of a force about an axis is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from its line of action to the axis.This method is typically used for weights up to 1000Kg. 2. Force balance methods 3. Elastic element methods 4. Pressure methods Torque measurement Torque measurement are used for rotating shafts to determine the power transmitted and also to monitor against failure as a result of shear stress. The measurement of torque is always linked with the power and rotating speed. The work done is the product of the force and the distance traveled in the direction of the force. Work done per second=F×2?rn= (Power transmitted by a rotating shaft=2?nT=?T) F: Tangential force at a radius r T: Torque applied to a shaft to cause it to rotate. Pressure measurement Together with temperature and flow, pressure is the most important parameters in industrial process control The unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) with 1Pa being 1N/m2 At the surface of the earth, the atmospheric pressure is generally about 100KPa. This is sometimes referred to as a pressure of 1bar. 1.Manometers（液体式压力计） U-tube manometer The cistern manometer The inclined tube manometer 2.Diaphragms(薄膜，弹性式压力计） Reluctance diaphragm gauge Capacitance diaphragm gauge Strain gauge diaphragm gauge Force-balance diaphragm gauge Piezoelectric diaphragm gauge 3. Bourdon tubes Bourdon tubes Measurement of low pressures (vacuum) Vacuum tends to be used for pressures less than the atmospheric pressure, namely 1.013×105 Pa. A unit that is often used for such pressure is the torr (托）, this being the pressure equivalent to that given by a column of mercury of height 1 mm. 1mmHg=133.322Pa=1 torr Atmospheric pressure is about 760mmHg The lower the absolute pressure is, the higher the degree