Real Time Database Systems外文电子书籍.pdf

Real Time Database Systems ¨ Jan Lindstrom Solid, an IBM Company ¨ Italahdenkatu 22 B 00210 Helsinki, Finland jan.lindstrom@fi. March 25, 2008 1 Introduction A real-time database system (RTDBS) is a database system providing all features on traditional database system such as data independence and concurrency con- trol, while at the same time enforces real-time constraints that applications may have [13]. Like a traditional database system, a RTDBS functions as a repository of data, provides efficient storage, and performs retrieval and manipulation of in- formation. However, as a part of a real-time system, tasks have time constraints, a RTDBS has the added requirement to ensure some degree of confidence in meet- ing the system’s timing requirements [51]. A real-time database is a database in which transactions have deadlines or timing constraints [82]. Real-time databases are commonly used in real-time computing applications that require timely ac- cess to data. And, usually, the definition of timeliness is not quantified; for some applications it is milliseconds, and for others it is minutes [96]. Traditional database systems differ from a RTDBS in many aspects. Most important RTDBSs have different performance goal, correctness criteria, and as- sumptions about the applications. Unlike a traditional database system a RTDBS may be evaluated based on how often transactions miss they deadlines, the av- erage lateness or tardiness of late transactions, the cost incurred in transactions missing their deadlines, data external consistency and data temporal consistency. For example, a stock market changes very rapidly and is dynamic. The graphs of th