Chapter 2 - Mathematics Background外文电子书籍.pdfVIP

This is a Chapter from the Handbook of Applied Cryptography, by A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot, and S. Vanstone, CRC Press, 1996. For further information, see www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac CRC Press has granted the following specific permissions for the electronic version of this book: Permission is granted to retrieve, print and store a single copy of this chapter for personal use. This permission does not extend to binding multiple chapters of the book, photocopying or producing copies for other than personal use of the person creating the copy, or making electronic copies available for retrieval by others without prior permission in writing from CRC Press. Except where over-ridden by the specific permission above, the standard copyright notice from CRC Press applies to this electronic version: Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press for such copying. c 1997 by CRC Press, Inc. Chapter Mathematical Background Contents in Brief 2.1 Probability theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.2 Information theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2.3 Complexity theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.4 Number theory . . . . . . . .