单分子结的构筑及分子电导性质的测试-物理化学学报.PDF

物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao) October Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin . 2012, 28 (10), 2237-2248 2237 [Review] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201209102 单分子结的构筑及分子电导性质的测试 艾 勇 张浩力* (兰州大学功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室, 化学化工学院, 兰州730000) 摘要: 分子电子学已成为21 世纪研究的热点. 通过将具有特定功能的分子连接在纳米尺度金属电极之间从而 构筑包括分子导线、开关、整流器在内的各种分子尺度电子器件, 这引起了科学家们广泛的研究兴趣. 在分子电 子学研究中, 构筑金属/分子/金属(MMM)分子结是研究分子器件中电子传输性质的关键. 尽管已经取得了很大 的进展, 目前在纳米尺度下构筑稳定可靠的MMM 分子结并测试单个分子的电学性质仍然面临很多挑战. 本文 着重对单分子电学性质的测试技术和相关理论研究的最新进展以及存在的挑战做了概述. 关键词: 分子电子学; 纳米器件; 分子器件; 单分子结 中图分类号: O646; O641 Construction and Conductance Measurement of Single Molecule Junctions AI Yong ZHANG Hao-Li* (State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China) Abstract: Molecular electronics has become an important research field in the past decade, and molecular devices can be used as molecular wires, switches, rectifiers, and transistors etc. Construction of metal/molecule/metal (MMM) junctions is the most effective method for investigating the charge transport properties of molecular devices. However, the measurement of individual molecule junctions at the nanoscale is still very challenging because of many technical difficulties. This paper reviews the recent progress and the challenges in the measurement of single molecule conductance, and summarizes investigation of the charge transport mechanism. Key Words: Molecule electronics; Nano device; Molecule device; Single molecule junction 1 引 言