肾脏的结构特征Characteristicofrenalstructure)肾单位Nephron基本.pptVIP

Factors Affecting Filtration 4) Renal plasma flow Glomerular hydrostatic pressure Colloid osmotic pressure of plasma 5) Filtration area滤过面积: 1.5m2 Acute glomerulonephritis急性肾小球肾炎 6) Permeability通透性 of the filtration membrane Albuminuria蛋白尿 or hematuria血尿 Summary Terms Glomerular filtration rate Filtration fraction Effective filtration pressure Summary List the factors affecting glomerular filtration Intensive Reading Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Hall) 288 293 * * 一般网上这样说：当血容量减少时，肾小球滤过率减少，滤过的Na+量降低时，可激活致密斑感受器，使肾素的释放增多。 * Kidney Physiology YU Yanqin, PhD Zhejiang University, School of Medicine The paired kidneys form a filtrate of the blood that is modified by reabsorption and secretion; urine designated for excretion moves along the ureters to the bladder. Excretion Pathway for excretion Functions of the Kidney Regulation of body fluid osmolality (渗透压) Regulation of electrolyte and water Excretion of waste products Regulation of acid and base 成人1000~2000m1/天正常 ?2500m1/天多尿Polyuria 400ml/天少尿Oliguria 100ml/天无尿Anuria Functions of the Kidney Urine Components of urine water：95％~97％ solid：3％~5％ salt：氯化钠、硫酸盐、磷酸盐，钾盐、铵盐等 有机物：尿素、肌酐、马尿酸、尿胆素 Property of urine 淡黄色 比重：1.015~1.025 pH值：5.0~7.0 渗透压：360~1457mOsm／L Production of hormones: 1. Erythropoietin（促红细胞生成素） 2. Renin（肾素） and Kinins（激肽） 3. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol（1,25-羟基维生素D3） 4. Prostaglandins A（前列腺素） Functions of the Kidney Structure of the Kidney Nephron（肾单位） Renal corpuscle（肾小体） - Glomerulus （肾小球） - Bowman’s capsule（肾小囊） Renal tubular system（肾小管） Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle（髓袢） - Descending thick limb - Descending thin limb - Ascending thin limb - Ascending thick limb Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct system Types of the Nephron Cortical nephron（皮质肾单位） Juxtamedullary nephron （近髓肾单位） Differences between the Nephrons Size Number in percenta