summary_writing总结写法.ppt

* Summary Writing The 100-Word Summary What is a summary? A summary is a short version of a reading; it is a condensed version of a piece. Why is summary writing useful? Teachers use summary writing to test your understanding of reading material. Summary writing helps you comprehend information as you attempt to pull out just the essential information from a reading. 2 Key points to remember. . . Write a summary in your words, not the author’s. Avoid using quotes in a summary. Paraphrase key ideas. (If you use three or more words in the same order as the author, you must place them in quotes). Do not use personal opinions! Include only the most important information. Avoid detailed information of actions or events. Write your summary in the present tense. A summary is rarely longer than a page. 3 Summaries versus essays In an essay, you may develop and support your opinions and ideas. In a summary, however, you may not include your opinions and ideas. A summary should cover the ideas that were presented in the reading--not yours. A summary, just like an essay, has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. 4 Organization of a summary The 100-word summary consists of three parts: introduction body conclusion 5 Introduction The introduction of a summary is usually one paragraph long. 6 What to include in the introduction Title of the reading If it is an article, essay, or short story place the title in quotes. If it is a book, underline the title. Name of the author Purpose of reading or overall point the writer is trying to get across 7 Body of a summary The body of a summary is generally one to three paragraphs long, dependent on the length of the reading. 8 What to include in the body Important points of reading, such as main ideas, facts, and examples. Other secondary points that are relevant to key ideas. Include specific details as needed to get the author’s points across. Paraphrase the information while maintaining the author’s tone and attitude as