手术室医院感染预防与管理.pptVIP

* * * * * * Here are some of the risk factors that make it more likely that a patient will develop an infection after surgery. As you can see, infection control measures can do little about age(premature infants and elderly people are at higher risk) gender (e.g., some studies show that men have a greater risk for chest infections after heart surgery, or that women become infected after total hip surgery more frequently than men. The proximity of the female genitourinary tract to the hip wound may have some association with the higher infection rate) smoking (can compromise respiratory function) diabetes (known to have vascular changes that decrease blood supply to wound) kidney disease (poor blood perfusion, can impair healing) or presence of infection at another site (can seed bloodstream with bacteria) But it is important that, through education, we make physicians and nurses aware that these patients are at greater risk. Nutritional status is a good indicator of overall health. It also plays an important role in wound healing. If a patient is obese(overweight), there is extra body mass for the blood supply to get to and wound healing can be impaired. Malnutrition can also impair the body’s ability to help wounds heal. Patients on mechanical ventilation are generally pretty sick, and reports have shown that these patients are at increased risk for SSI. Steroids tend to mask early symptoms of infection (that could alert early treatment!) and this or any other type of therapy that could alter the immune system (e.g., cancer treatment) leave patients at greater risk for infection. In general, patients with long pre-operative stays in the hospital are at greater risk for infection for several reasons: they tend to be sicker they are exposed to other patients with infections they are being care for by health care workers taking care of other patients with infections they may NOT BE WASHING THEIR HANDS FAITHFULLY! * Aside from patient risk factors, there ar