基础组织设计.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Basic Organization Designs 基礎組織設計 Organization Design and Structure Organization design組織設計 A process in which managers develop or change their organization’s structure Work specialization工作專業化 A component of organization structure that involves having each discrete step of a job done by a different individual rather than having one individual do the whole job整個工作並不是由個人單獨完成，而是將其分解成許多步驟，每一單一個人只負責一個步驟。 Economies and Diseconomies of Work Specialization Organizational Structure: Control Chain of command指揮鍊 The continuous line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom. Unity of Command The management principle that no person should report to more than one boss一個部屬應該只對一個而且只能有一個直屬的上司負責 Span of control控制幅度 The number of subordinates a manager can direct efficiently and effectively一位管理者可以有效率及有效地管理員工數目 EXHIBIT 5–2 Chain of Command Organizational Structure: Control (cont’d) Authority職權 The rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed在一個管理職位上所擁有的權利，使其可發號命令並預期號令會被遵守。 Responsibility責任 An obligation to perform assigned activities被賦予一定的權利，同時他也必須負起相當的義務去執行。 Power權力 An individual’s capacity to influence decisions一個人影響決策的能耐 Types of Organizational Authority Line authority直線職權 The position authority (given and defined by the organization) that entitles a manager to direct the work of operative employees指賦予經理人指揮其部屬工作的職權 Staff authority幕僚職權 Positions that have some authority (e.g., organization policy enforcement) but that are created to support, assist, and advise the holders of line authority支援、協助以及減輕直線經理人原先的資訊負擔 Chain of Command Line Versus Staff Authority Authority Versus Power Authority Versus Power (cont’d) Types of Power Centralization And Decentralization Centralization集權 A function of how much decision-making authority is pushed down to lower levels in an organization; the more centralized an organization, the higher the level at which decisions are made De