覆膜菜用大豆生育规律及高产优质栽培技术研究作物栽培学与耕作学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本文以新鲜豆l号为材料，在大田灌溉条件下，研究了在覆膜条件下，氮肥、密度 及化控对菜用大豆的生长发育、氮磷钾吸收分配以及地下部根系生长发育的影响。主要 结论如下： 1．地膜覆盖栽培促进菜用大豆根系早生快发，增加根千重，且根系分布浅，覆膜菜 用大豆植株性状、干物重、叶面积及叶面积指数、产量性状等均明显高于露地，但露地 栽培菜豆的蛋白质含量却高于覆膜菜豆。覆膜比露地提前4天采摘鲜荚，产量增加 1544．97kg／hm2，增产11．82％。 2．施氮能明显促进覆膜菜用大豆植株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累，提高大豆植株 养分吸收速率，并促进养分向荚粒中分配，使植株的干物质以及单株荚数、单株粒数和 百粒鲜重增加，从而提高产量。以花期施氮量为90kg／hm=时，菜豆植株对氮、磷、钾养 分吸收量最高，鲜荚产量为17002．10kg／hm2，每生产100kg鲜荚所需N、P205、K20分 别为2．05kg、0．62kg、1．97kg。 3．覆膜栽培密度以13．5万株／hm2，鼓粒期后叶面积指数适中、光合势大，干物质积 累速率快，最终积累量大，向籽粒中分配率较高，鲜荚产量最高(15185．50kg／hm2)。 4．覆膜栽培始花期用4509／hm2豆歌+1209／11m2豆歌伴侣化控一次，植株明显矮化， 增加茎粗和叶绿素含量，延缓后期叶片衰老，增加干物质积累量，增加单株荚数、粒数 和粒重，鲜荚产量增加9．54％。 5．覆膜栽培菜用大豆密度为135万株№2，施氮量为90kg／hm2，始花期化控(450耐 豆歌+120酊1In2豆歌伴侣)一次，鲜荚产量可达14000kg／hm2以上。 关键词：地膜覆盖，菜用大豆，生育规律，高产，优质，栽培技术 AbstractIn Abstract In this study,flesh bean l used笛materials，under the field irrigation condition，study effect of nitrogen,density and chemical control the growth rule，nitrogen phosphOFUS kalium absorption distribution and the root system growth and development of vegetable soybeatl with film mulching．The main conclusions follows： 1．The film mulching cultivation promotes living early sends quickly vegetable soybean root and increasing the root dry weight,and its root distributes shallowly．The plant character,dry matter weight, leaf area and leaf area index and the yield character of vegetable soybean film mulching obviously higher than that of open ground,but the open field vegetable soybean’S protein content is actually higher than the film mulching vegetable soybean．The film mulching soybean advance to picks for 4 days compared with the open ground vegetable soybean,the yield increases 1 544．97kg／hm。，increases yield 11．82％． 2．Application nitrogen promotes obviously vegetable soybean plant film mulching to nitrogen phosphorus kalium absorption accumulation,raises the soybean plant nutrient accumulation speed and distributes to the pod grain,increases dry matter weight,pods per plant,seeds per plant and Fresh I 00-seed weight of vegetable soybearl pla