税务系统的设计.pdf

Chapter 12 Chapter 12 The Design Of The Design Of The Tax System The Tax System The Federal Government • The U.S. federal government collects about two-thirds of the taxes in our economy. • The largest source of revenue for the federal government is the individual income tax. The Federal Government • Individual Income Taxes • The marginal tax rate is the tax rate applied to each additional dollar of income. • Higher-income families pay a larger percentage of their income taxes. The Federal Government • The Federal Government and Taxes • Payroll Taxes: tax on the wages that a firm pays its workers. • Social Insurance Taxes: taxes on wages that is earmarked to pay for Social Security and. • Excise Taxes: taxes on specific goods like gasoline, cigarettes, and alcoholic beverages. The Federal Government • Federal Government Spending • Government spending includes transfer payments and the purchase of public goods and services. • Transfer payments are government payments not made in exchange for a good or a service. • Transfer payments are the largest of the government’s expenditures. The Federal Government • Federal Government Spending • Expense Category. • Social Security • National Defense • Income Security • Net interest • Medicare • Health • Other The Federal Government • Budget Surplus • A budget surplus is an excess of government receipts over government spending • Budget Deficit • A budget deficit is an excess of government spending o