放牧对北方农牧交错带人工草地及奶牛生产性能的影响草业科学专业论文.docxVIP

牧、中度轮牧和连续放牧区每头奶牛的日均产奶量分别为16．17、16．55和15．89kg。放牧后期日 牧、中度轮牧和连续放牧区每头奶牛的日均产奶量分别为16．17、16．55和15．89kg。放牧后期日 均产奶量均有所下降，降幅以连续放牧最大，中度轮牧最小。放牧制度与强度对乳成分的影响不 明显。乳脂率轻牧低于中牧，连续放牧高于轮牧，但差异均不显著。乳蛋白率的变化与乳脂率相 反，随着奶产量减少，乳脂率增加，乳糖和乳干物质变化不明显。 7．轻度轮牧对奶牛代谢的促进作用高于中度轮牧和连续放牧。放牧后血清中钙含量各处理都 增大，增幅以轻度轮牧奶牛最高，连续放牧奶牛最低。血清无机磷含量均处于正常生理值范围， 处理间差异不明显。放牧后期血清尿素氮含量降低，血糖含量显著升高，且轻度轮牧人于中度轮 一 牧和连续放牧。 一 飞 关键词：人：[草地，放牧制度，放牧强度，植被特征，土壤特性，奶牛生产性能 Il AbstractA Abstract A two—year study was conducted from 2004 to 2005 at Guyuan Grassland Research Station of China Agriculture University in Hebei province，to determine the effects of grazing system(continuous (cG)，and rotational(RG))and grazing intensities(LG，2．6cows ha‘1；MG，3．8cows had)on the productivity，botanical composition，soil physical and chemical characteristics well milking performance of dairy cows grazed in mixed pasture of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L；approximately 18．2％)，smooth bromegrass(Bromus inermis；27．3％)，western wheatgrass(Pascopyrum smithii；27．3％) and Russian wildryegrass(Psathyrostachys juncea(Fisch．)Nevski；27．3％)which was sowed in 2003． Tlle results showed that： 1．Grazing treatments significantly increased soil bulk density．Bulk density in the LRG treatment was lower after cow’s treading，especially in the top horizon(0—10cm)．Grazing treatment increased the bulk density of the top horizon at any of the stocking rates，but had little effect the bulk density of the deeper horizon(20—30cm)．The content of soil moisture，total porosity,aggregate stability decreased with increased grazing intensity,especially for RG system．Soil hardness in the upper layers of all treatments increased greatly with increased grazing intensity．The soil reached maximum hardness at depths of 4—12cm and then gradually lessened with increasing depth until at depths of 18．20cm．The content of available phosphorus in the soil decreased with the increment of grazing intensity,while the contents of pH，organic matter,gross nitrogen，available nitrogen and potassium in the soil increased with