外出务工对民族混居农村的影响-北京大学社会学系.PDFVIP

　　 外出务工对民族混居农村的 2010 ·3 CJS 影响 30 马　戎 　:近 20 年来,“农民工”已经成为中国城乡经济活动中的重要组成部分 和社会现象, 上亿农民进城务工与生活不仅极大促进了城市经济的发展, 调整 了城市人口的年龄结构, 推进了中国城市化进程, 同时也有力地改善了农民家 庭的收入。但目前学界的研究偏于宏观分析和对“迁入地 ”的调查, 对“迁出 地”的调查相对较少。本文以内蒙古自治区半农半牧区的 26 个自然村的户访 问卷调查数据为基础, 分析了当地外出务工人员的基本情况、结构性特征及 工活动对当地农户收入的贡献, 有助于我们更加深入细致地认识和理解农村 的外出务工现象及其对农民生活的影响。 :人口流动　外出务工　结构性特征 TheImpactofLeavingHomeforExternalEmploymenton theEthnicallyMixedRuralCommunities:AFieldSurveyof theVillagesinWengniuteBanner, InnerMongolia, China MaRong Abstract:Intherecent20 orsoyears, “peasantworkers”havebeenasignificant partinChinasruralandurbaneconomicactivities, havingbecomeasocial phenomenon.Millionsofpeasantsenteringcitiestoworkandlivetherehavenot onlypowerfullypromotedthedevelopmentofurbaneconomybutalsohelpedbalance theagestructureofcitypopulations, progressedurbanizationinChina, andgreatly raisedtheincomesofpeasantfamilies.WithChina sinstitutionalreform continuouslygoingdeeperandhereconomybeingontherise, thevolumeand qualityofsuch“peasantworkers”willcertainlyimproveinthefuture.Naturally, investigationofthis“peasantworkers” phenomenonhasattractedtheacademic ＊: 　 (Author:MaRong, DepartmentofSociology, Peking University)　E-mail:marong@pku.edu.cn ·107· ·2010 ·3 attentioninChina.However, moststudieshavebeendirectedtowardthe “immigrating”locationsatthemacro-level;relativelyfewstudiesarefocusedonthe “migrating”locations.Basedonthedatafromthefieldquestionnairesurveyofthe householdsin26 villagesinInnerMongolia, thispaperanalyzesthebasic demographiccharacteristicsofthosewholefthomeforexternalemployment, their