不同作物残茬高度防风蚀效应风洞模拟研究农业机械化工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本文以内蒙古农业科学院武川旱作试验站旱地农田莜麦、油菜、草谷子和马铃 薯作物留茬地表土样为研究对象，利用移动式风蚀风洞对农田地表土壤抗风蚀效果 进行试验研究，比较不同留茬作物抗风蚀能力大小，为降低农田土壤风蚀，提高农 业生产提供科学依据。其中莜麦、油菜和草谷子茬高分别是lOcm、20cm、30cm、40cm， 覆盖度均为40％，马铃薯地表为秋翻地，茬高和覆盖度均为0，分别在净风和挟沙风 条件下对不同作物留茬土样进行试验。结果表明：在净风条件下，马铃薯秋翻地土 样输沙量与高度和风速均符合指数规律；莜麦、油菜和草谷子留茬土样输沙量随高 度呈高阶多项式分布，随风速呈指数规律变化，随茬高符合线性关系；当风速在 15m／s以下时．莜麦防风蚀茬高不应高于30cm，油菜保留秸秆20cm～30cm可有效抑 制土壤风蚀，草谷子有效防风蚀茬高为20cm；茬高和盖度一定时，输沙量莜麦留茬 地油菜留茬地草谷子留茬地，防风蚀能力则是草谷子留茬地油菜留茬地莜麦留 茬地。挟沙风条件下，不同作物地表土样输沙量与风速符合乘幂关系，随茬高呈对 数规律分布；挟沙风条件下输沙量是净风的17．12～118．86倍，挟沙风对地表土壤 的破坏要远远大于净风。 关键词：作物；留茬高度；输沙量；移动式风蚀风洞 Simulation Simulation and Research of Preventing Wind Erosion Effect on the Erect Stubble Height of the Different Crops by Wind Tunnel Abst ract By taking the erect stubble of naked oats farmland，cole farmland，grass-millet farmland and potato tilth in Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuchuan dry Experimental Station as the study object,anti-wind erosion capabilities of the different crops have been studied，compared anti一、撕nd erosion capabilities of the different crops．all of these researches have provided scientific basis To reduce soil erosion and improve agricultural production．the Erect Stubble Height of naked oats farmland，cole farmland，grass—millet farmland is 1 0cm，20cm，30cm，40cm，the residue coverage is 30％，under pure wind flow condition，nle experimentation results showed that the wind-blown mass of the different crops increase with the increase of wind speed in accordance with index law，the wind—blown mass of cole farmland,naked oats farmland，glaSS·millet farmland and erect stubble height according to linear law,the 、析11d．blown mass and erect stubble height of naked oats and grass—millet farmland do not comply with any function．It call effectively reduce wind erosion when erect stubble height of naked oats farmland，cole farmland，grass-millet farmland is no more than 30cm，20cm to 30cm and 20cm respectively．When the height of erect stubble and residue coverage are certain，the wind-blown mass of naked oats f