ProblemsandTrends演绎与归纳推理比较.PDFVIP

Advances in Psychology 心理学进展, 2016, 6(4), 376-383 Published Online April 2016 in Hans. /journal/ap /10.12677/ap.2016.64049 The Neural Mechanisms of Comparison between Deductive and Inductive Reasoning: Problems and Trends Xiaofang Li, Mingming Zhang, Changquan Long* Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing th st th Received: Mar. 16 , 2016; accepted: Apr. 1 , 2016; published: Apr. 11 , 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Hans Publishers Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). /licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning are two main forms of reasoning. Single-process ac- counts and dual-process accounts are two competing theories of reasoning psychology. At present, many studies compare deductive and inductive reasoning using cognitive neuroscience technolo- gy to test whether reasoning is a single or double process. But there are many problems in the studies: limitations of forward inference, differences in cognitive neuroscience techniques, com- plex and varied experimental tasks, challenges of cognitive neuroscience itself and so on. In future research, forward inference can still be the basic logic and breakthrough of studies; multivariate techniques and standard experimental tasks should be conducted; and studies on the neural me- chanisms of comparison between deductive and inductive reasoning should go deep into more microscopic level, such as the level of molecule and neuron. Keywords Deductive Reasoning, Inductive Reasoning, Psychological Theories of Reasoning, Cognitive Neuroscience, Problems, Trends 演绎与归纳推理比较的神经机制：问题与趋势 李晓芳，张明明，龙长权*