数据与计算机通信第八章..ppt

William StallingsData and Computer Communications7th Edition Chapter 8 Multiplexing 主要内容 8.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing 8.2 Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing 8.3 Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing 8.4 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 8.5 xDSL 8.6 Recommeded Reading and Web Sites Multiplexing 8.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM Useful bandwidth of medium exceeds required bandwidth of channel Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency Carrier frequencies separated so signals do not overlap (guard bands) e.g. broadcast radio Channel allocated even if no data Frequency Division MultiplexingDiagram FDM System FDM of Three Voiceband Signals Analog Carrier Systems ATT (USA) Hierarchy (层次) of FDM schemes Group 12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz Range 60kHz to 108kHz Supergroup 60 channel FDM of 5 group signals on carriers between 420kHz and 612 kHz Mastergroup 10 supergroups Wavelength Division Multiplexing Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by optical fiber A form of FDM Each color of light (wavelength) carries separate data channel 1997 Bell Labs 100 beams Each at 10 Gbps Giving 1 terabit per second (Tbps) Commercial systems of 160 channels of 10 Gbps now available Lab systems (Alcatel) 256 channels at 39.8 Gbps each 10.1 Tbps Over 100km WDM Operation Same general architecture as other FDM Number of sources generating laser beams at different frequencies Multiplexer consolidates sources for transmission over single fiber Optical amplifiers amplify all wavelengths Typically tens of km apart Demux separates channels at the destination Mostly 1550nm wavelength range Was 200MHz per channel Now 50GHz Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM No official or standard definition Implies more channels more closely spaced that WDM 200GHz or less 8.2 Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing Data rate of medium exceeds (超过) data rate of digital signal to be transmitted Multiple digital signals interleaved (交叉) in time