环境空间分析中常用采样方法及其对空间结构表达的影响.pdf

第 20 卷第 2 期 环 　境 　科 　学 　学 　报 Vol . 20 ,No . 2 2000 年 3 月 AC TA SCIEN T IA E CIRCU M STAN T IA E Mar . ,2000 ( ) 文章编号 2000 　　　中图分类号 :X830 1 　　　　　文献标识码 :A 环境空间分析中常用采样方法及其对空间结构 表达的影响 (北京大学城市与环境学系 ,北京 　10087 1) 齐 　峰 ,王学军 　 摘要 :采用几种采样方法在不同的采样密度下分别在两套模拟数据集上进行模拟采样 ,并以实验半变异函数为结构分析工 具探讨了采样方案对具有不同空间分布特征数据的空间结构表达的影响. 研究发现 ,采样密度与采样方法的选取都对空间 结构的表达有显著影响. 采样密度的影响主要表现在 ,随着采样密度的减小即样本量的减小 ,实验半变异函数对空间结构信 息表现的精确度下降 ,对不同的采样方法其精确度的下降有不同表现. 此外 ,采样方法在空间结构的合理表达上也起着重要 作用 ,本文涉及的6 种采样方法各有优劣 ,在空间结构表达上表现出不同的特点. 关键词 :环境空间分析 ;采样方案 ;空间结构 Sa mpl ing methods in environmental spatial analysys and their eff ects on spatial continuity display ( ) Q I Feng 　WAN G Xuej un 　Depart ment of Urban and Environmental Sciences ,Peking Universit y ,Beijing 10087 1 Abstract :Spatial structure analysis in describing the spatial continuity of regionalized variables is a fundamental compo nent in spatial analysis. Effect s of different sampling design parameter s on the quality of estimates from spatially corre lated data have been extensively investigated , while efficiency of sampling designs for displaying and describing spatial continuity , particularly in environmental research , has been given less attention . In this paper , the performances of several sampling designs were examined and their different effect s on simulated data were compared. Sample variogram is used to describe spatial structure . Based mainly on visual comparison , result s showed that both sample size and sam ple pattern are of significant influence on the sample variograms , therefore , each plays important role on p ractical sam pling. Keywords :environmental spatial analysis ;sampling methods ;spatial structu