太阳能-我们也能.pptVIP

太陽能-我們也能 吳仁彰 副教授 靜宜大學應用化學系 2009.01.19 Content Introduction of Solar Cell Experiment test of solar cell I. Introduction History In 1839 a scientist named Edmond Becquerel described the phenomena known as the photovoltaic (PV) effect. His research showed that certain types of solid matter produce small amounts of electricity when exposed to light. Diode? A two-terminal semiconductor (rectifying) device that exhibits a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. The function of a diode is to allow current in one direction and to block current in the opposite direction. The first of these three layers necessary for energy conversion in a solar cell is the top junction layer (made of N-type semiconductor ). The next layer in the structure is the core of the device; this is the absorber layer (the P-N junction). The last of the energy-conversion layers is the back junction layer (made of P-type semiconductor). N-type semiconductor type behavior is induced by the addition of donor impurities, such as arsenic or phosphorus, to the crystal structure of silicon. In N-type semiconductors, electrons are the majority carriers P-N junction The important characteristic of a P-N junction is that it will conduct electric current with one polarity of applied voltage (forward bias) but will not conduct with the opposite polarity (reverse bias). P-type semiconductor P-type behavior is induced by the addition of acceptor impurities, such as boron, to the crystal structure of silicon. In P-type semiconductors, holes are the majority carriers II. Application 能量轉換效率(Energy conversion efficiency) 太陽電池的轉換效率(η)是以光轉電而收集到得能量與一天中所得到日照射能量作百分比，當太陽電池連接一個電子迴路，Pm為光轉電的收集能量，在除以標準策定條件下的輸入光的能量E(W/m2)和太陽電池的表面積Ac(m2)　　 太陽電池主要的應用是在電力較難取得的地方，如:偏遠區域、衛星、計算機、電報機、抽水幫浦等運用。而太陽能電池(是以module or array呈現)是在大樓屋頂上必須連接經過一個轉換器到電力格裡，時常用在網路量測排定中。 光吸收材料(Light-absorbing materials) 所有的太陽電池需要一個光吸收材料包含在電池結構去吸收光子及經由光電效應產生電壓電流。 矽(Silicon) 顯然的最具優勢的太陽能電池塊材為結晶類的矽小型族群C-Si也就是已知的太陽能等級矽(小型族群的C-Si)，也就是太陽能等級矽。 砷化鎵(GaAs) 高效率