国际贸易Ch.12Quality.pptVIP

§4 Pricing 1. Points to be considered in pricing (1) International market level. (2) The policies and regulations that apply to a particular market area. (3) Exporters specific purposes or the importers requirements. (4) The change of supply and demand relationship and the trend of rising and falling of the market prices. (5) Adequate profit margin over actual costs. (6) Quality and quantity of the products contracted, transportation costs, place and terms of delivery etc. (7) Method of payment of the goods and the possible fluctuations of foreign exchange rates. 出口商品单价的组成部分 （1）计价货币（2）计量单位（3）单位金额（单价）（4）贸易术语。 Eg.: USD 100 / MT CIF HAMBURG 2. Choice of currency for accounting and payment In most cases, there is quite a long time between signing the contract and making the payment, during which either the money of account or the money of payment may appreciate or depreciate in the international financial market. Currency for accounting（记账货币） is the currency used for price calculation. Currency for payment (支付货币）is the currency for settlement. Exporter: choose hard currency (currency that is reliable and stable and more in demand) . Importer: choose soft currency (whose value may depreciate rapidly or that is difficult to convert into other currencies. ) Hard currency(硬通货）: (1)it refers to the money from a country which has a strong economy and is therefore unlikely to lose its value over time. (2).stable in value, more in demand. (3).usu. the currency of developed countries. Theoretically, use of hard currency as payment currency is more favorable to the exporter; while the importer prefers to pay soft currency. Measures to offset foreign exchange exposures: (1) Try to reduce the import price or raise the export price Importer: The currency used is likely to float upward, you should try to press the exporter to reduce the price. Exporter: The currency is likely to float downward, you should try to raise the price.