分子生物学（杨洋）第七章翻译-1.pptVIP

* * Coupling of transcription and translation in prokaryotes ribosome * * 4-1 the ribosome is composed of a large and a small subunit * * * * * * The large subunit contains the peptidyl transferase center(肽基转移酶中心), which is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds. The small subunit interacting with mRNA contains the decoding center(解码中心), in which charged tRNAs read or “decode” the codon units of the mRNA. * * 4-2: the large and the small subunits undergone association and dissociation during each cycle of translation. * * Ribosome cycles (核糖体循环): The small and large ribosome subunits associate with each other and translate the mRNA, then dissociate after each round of translation * * Overview of the events of ribosome cycle mRNA/initiator tRNA/ small ribosomal subunit polypeptide * * 4-3 New amino acids are attached to the C-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain. Protein is synthesized in a N- to C- terminal direction * * 4-4 Peptide bonds(肽键)are formed by transfer of the growing peptide chain from peptidyl- tRNA(肽酰tRNA) to aminoacyl-tRNA(氨酰tRNA) * * New peptide bone Peptidyl transferase reaction (肽酰转移酶反应) N-terminal C-terminal * * * * 4-5 Ribosomal RNAs(rRNA) are both structural and catalytic determinants of the ribosomes rRNA is much more than structural components of the ribosome, it is directly responsible for the key function of the ribosome The Peptidyl transferase reaction center is composed almost entirely of rRNA Peptidyl transferase is a ribozyme(核酶), which is composed of RNA * * 肽基转移酶反应中心 核糖体大亚基高精度 三维结构 紫色：核糖体蛋白质 灰色：核糖体RNA 蛋白质 蛋白质 * * The rRNAs are not simply structural components of the ribosomes. Rather, they account for the key function of the ribosomes. Most ribosomal proteins are on the periphery(外围) of the ribosomes, not in its interior(内部). * * 从一个经典悖论说起 蛋鸡悖论：先有鸡还是先有蛋？ 分子生物学中类似悖论： DNA：遗传信息载体 蛋白质：遗传信息功能执行者 在生命起源过程中先有DNA还是先有蛋白质？ 如何回答这个悖论？ * * The contemporary ribosome may evolve from a primitive protein synthesis