利用LNG冷能的空气分离流程蒲鹤1梁光川11西南石油大学石油.DOC

利用LNG冷能的空气分离流程 蒲鹤1 梁光川1 （1.西南石油大学 石油工程学院，四川 成都 610500） 摘要:常规的空气分离方法采用高压空气冷却膨胀制冷来提供空分系统所需的冷量，气体压缩需要消耗大量的电和水。将LNG 的低温冷能用于空分系统后，单位产品的能耗会大幅降低。从热力学角度出发，指出了该LNG冷能回收利用方式的合理性。对LNG高品质的低温冷能用于空气分离的工艺进行改进，以期回收LNG冷能的同时降低空分系统的动力功耗。在详细介绍流程的基础上，着重讨论了流程在运行压力、单位能耗等方面的特点。采用Aspen Plus软件对流程进行模拟和分析，物性方法选择Peng-Robinson方程。结果表明，该冷能冷却空分流程单位液态产品能耗为0.3kW?h?kg-1，远低于传统空分流程约为1.0kW?h?kg-1的能耗。 关键词：液化天然气；冷能利用；空分流程；火用分析；Aspen Plus软件; 流程模拟 文献标志码A The air separation process by using LNG cold energy Abstract: The high-pressured air was cooled and expanded to supply the cold energy for the air separation in the conventional air separation method, in which large amounts of electricity and water was consumed. If LNG cold energy was used in the air separation unit, energy consumption per kilogram liquid production would be reduced significantly. The rationality of this air separation process was analyzed from the thermodynamic view point.The air separation process by using the high-quality energy held in LNG was improved for recovering the cold energy and reducing unit power consumption. The process arrangement was introduced in detail in this work, followed by its characteristics, such as operating pressure and energy cost. Aspen Plus software was used to simulate and analyze this process and Peng- Robinson equation w as chosen for property method. The results showed that unit power consumption of liquid air separation products was 0.300kW?h?kg-1 by using cryogenic energy of LNG for manufacture of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, compared with the power input of 1.0kW?h?kg-1 in the conventional air separation unit. Key words: liquefied natural gas(LNG); cold energy utilization; air separation unit； exergy analysis；software Aspen Plus ; process simulation 0.前言 LNG是天然气经过脱水、脱硫与低温技术液化处理而成的低温液体混合物。其存储的温度为-162℃，存储密度通常为430~470kg/m3。当使用时，需要把LNG转化为常温的气体，在这个气化过程中放出的冷量约为830 kJ/kg。如不回收利用，这部分冷能通常在天然气汽化器中随海水或空气被舍弃了，浪费是惊人的。目前，LNG冷能的利用方式主要有：冷能发电、空气分离冷源、食品冷冻冷源、制造液体二氧化碳、低温粉碎等[1]。 LNG冷能利用主要是依靠LNG与周围环境之间存在的温度和压力差，通过LNG变化到与外