实证医学概论-光田综合医院.PDFVIP

• • • vs. • () – • – • (evidence-base medicine, EBM) • 1972:Archie Cochrane Effectiveness and Efficiency--“that health services should be evaluated on the basis of scientific evidence rather than on clinical impression, anecdotal experience, ‘expert’ opinion or tradition” randomized controlled trials • 1980’s:David L. Sackett McMaster (Evidence-based clinical practice) • 1992: Evidence-based Medicine McMasterGordon Guyatt Archie Cochrane David L. Sackett • 1993: Cochrane Collaboration National Health Service Research and Development Program 1315 (Cochrane Center) Cochrane Collaboration Logo (meta-analysis of seven trials) David L. Sackett, Oxford University Patient values and preferences