尧麦16节水高产广适特性与育种方法探讨.PDF

农学学报 2016,6(9): 1-7 Journal of Agriculture ‘尧麦16’节水高产广适特性与育种方法探讨 史晓芳，仇松英，史忠良，谢福来，高 炜 （山西省农业科学院小麦研究所，山西临汾041000） 摘 要：为培育突破性小麦新品种及丰富育种理论，本研究解析了‘尧麦16’的高产、稳产、广适、耐寒、节 水、优质及抗虫特性。统计分析数年国家区试、生产试验数据及品种推广实打产量，同时进行产量因素、 节水栽培、抗虫抗寒、谷物化学等方法鉴定。结果表明，‘尧麦16’丰产性、稳产性较好，平均产量比对照 2 2 品种‘石4185 ’增产5.73%~11.07%，增产点率85.7%~100.0%；该品种成穗数543.0 万穗/hm ~862.5 万穗/hm ， 穗粒数36 粒左右，千粒重40 g ，产量三因素协调。‘尧麦16’穗数多，根系发达、生长繁茂，灌浆中后期功 能叶耐热性极强，叶片衰老速度慢，‘尧麦16’为水地、肥旱地兼用型高产小麦新品种。籽粒玻璃质，面 筋强度中等偏强、面粉品质佳，为面条和馒头兼用型品质。‘尧麦16’抗麦红吸浆虫，抗寒耐热。‘尧麦16’ 是穗、粒、重协调增长型节水高产小麦新品种。 关键词：小麦；尧麦16；产量形成分析；节水高产；广泛适应性；抗虫育种 中图分类号：S512.1+ 1 文献标志码：A 论文编号：cja WaterSaving,HighYield,WideAdaptabilityof ‘Yaomai16’andItsBreedingMethods ShiXiaofang,QiuSongying,ShiZhongliang,XieFulai,GaoWei (InstituteofWheatResearch,ShanxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Linfen041000,Shanxi,China) Abstract:Inordertobreednew wheatvarietiesandenrichthebreedingtheory,the authors analyzedhigh yield, stable yield, wide adaptability, cold resistance, water saving, excellent quality and wheat midge resistanceofwheatvariety ‘Yaomai16’.Thedatafromthenationalwinterwheattestofthenorthernpartofthe Huanghuairegionandproductionexperimentswereanalyzed.Atthesametime,theyieldfactors,watersaving cultivation,resistance to insectsandcold,grainchemistryandothermethodswereidentified.Theresults showedthat, ‘Yaomai16’hadhighandstableyield,whichwas5.73%-11.07%higherthanthatofthecontrol cultivar ‘Shi4185’,andtheincreasedyieldpointwas85.7%-100.0%.Threeyieldfactorswerecoordinated,of 4 2 4 2 whic