减压膜蒸馏处理含酚废水的研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

重庆大学工程硕士学位论文 重庆大学工程硕士学位论文 中文摘要 中文摘要 ～ 白鼬恸獭静翩 讲m篡m黼淼 化学法及生化法三大类。论文就各方法的 普遍存在的工业废水，而对这类废水的处 理 优缺点进行了综述。 膜蒸馏技术作为物理过程和化学过程相结合的新技术，已经引起广泛关注。减 温度、进料pH值、膜的种类等工艺条件对过程的影响。 实验结果表明，进料温度对VMD过程膜通量影响很大，膜通量随进料温度近 似有Arrhenius关系：标称孔径为O．229m的PVDF膜和标称孔径为O．20肛m的PTFE 膜处理含酚水溶液的适宜进料温度分别为50℃和60。C，此时VMD过程的离子截留 率和膜的苯酚去除率都达到最大值：PTFE膜的疏水性较PVDF膜强，在相同进料 条件下， 用PTFE膜处理含酚水溶液的分离效率和离子截留率更高。 进料pH值对过程膜通量和离子截留率的影响较小；进料pH≤11时，进料温度 对选择性系数影响很小：进料pH11时，进料温度对选择性系数影响较大。提高进 料pH值有利于过程选择性系数的增大，迸料pH值为12．3时，过程有最大选择性 系数。进料pH值选择在12左右，是比较适宜的。 本文研究表明，在适当的操作条件下，减压膜蒸馏法处理含酚水溶液的离子截 留率可达到95％以上，膜通量达到30kg．m-2．h’1以上，分离效率达到90％以上，馏出 液中苯酚浓度远远低于国家排放标准。减压膜蒸馏法处理含酚水溶液在工艺上是可 行的，在优化的工艺条件下，过程具有比直接接触式膜蒸馏大得多的膜通量，过程 的选择性系数和离子截留率都较高，具有潜在的开发和应用价值。 关键词： 减压膜蒸馏， 含酚废水， 聚偏氟乙烯， 聚四氟乙烯 ABSTRACTThe ABSTRACT The source of wastewater containing phenol and its hazard to the environment were introduced． Conventional treatment methods of phenol wastewater included physicochemical method．chemical method as well aS biochemical method．And a review of the domestic development of treatment technology for wastewater containing phenol in recent years was also presented in this papeL Membrane distillation WaS a new type of technology integrated with physical process and chemical process，and many scholars paid attention tO it．Removal phenol experiments fi·om wastewater were investigated by direct—contact membrane distillation teehnique in the literatures．but the fluxes were small． Vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)is a newly developed technology,possessing merits of both pervaporation and membrane distillation．which had a large fluxes and an excellent separation efficiency．Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)and poly(tetra fluoro ethylene)are ideal membrane distillation materials．which were hydrophobic and well processed． In this paper,the feaSibility and superiority of treatment of phenol aqueous solution by VMD were studied．Some factors，such as temperature，pH values ofthe fbed，the genre of porous membrane as well as concentration of phenol in the feed，were obs