遥感-Geometric-Correction.pptVIP

1、遥感器本身引起的畸变 遥感器本身引起的几何畸变与遥感器的结构、特性和工作方式不同而异。这些因素主要包括： 1）?透镜的辐射方向畸变像差； 2） 透镜的切线方向畸变像差； 3）?透镜的焦距误差； 4）?透镜的光轴与投影面不正交； 5）?图像的投影面非平面； 6）?探测元件排列不整齐； 7）?采样速率的变化； 8）?采样时刻的偏差; 9) 扫描镜的扫描速度变化 。 MSS 举例: 2、外部因素引起的畸变 3）地球表面曲率的影响 地球是球体，严格说是椭球体，因此地球表面是曲面。这一曲面的影响主要表现在两个方面，一是像点位置的移动，二是像元对应于地面宽度的不等。 地球表面曲率影响 4）大气折射的影响 大气对辐射的传播产生折射。由于大气的密度分布从下向上越来越小，折射率不断变化．因此折射后的辐射传播不再是直线而是—条曲线．从而导致传感器接收的像点发生位移?r. 大气折射影响 5）地球自转的影响 卫星前进过程中，传感器对地面扫描获得图像时，地球自转影响较大，会产生影像偏离。因为卫星自北向南运动，这时地球自西向东自转。相对运动的结果，使卫星的星下位置逐渐产生偏离。偏离方向如下图所示，所以卫星图像经过校正后成为图c的形态。 遥感图像再处理过程中产生的误差，主要是由于处理设备产生的噪声引起的。 传输、复制 光学 数字 The true ground coordinates are typically measured from a map (B - B1 to B4), either in paper or digital format. This is image-to-map registration. Once several well-distributed GCP pairs have been identified, the coordinate information is processed by the computer to determine the proper transformation equations to apply to the original (row and column) image coordinates to map them into their new ground coordinates. Geometric registration may also be performed by registering one (or more) images to another image, instead of to geographic coordinates. This is called image-to-image registration. Gray resampling: Before (aster) After (aster) Establish the transformation equations For example: To Establish the transformation equations based on polynomial. indirect method: direct method: indirect method: direct method: Establish the transformation equations Binary quadratic polynomial is mostly used in the actual work : Establish the transformation equations There are twelve coefficients in this equations, so we need at least six GCPs to work out the coefficients. The minimum number of GCPs: (n+1)(n+2)／2 5.3 Geometric Correction Methods In order to actually geometrically correct the original distorted image, a procedure called resampling is used to determine the digital values to place in the new pixel locations of the corrected output image. The resampling process calcul