气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌研究.PDF

2015 年 10 月 电 工 技 术 学 报 Vol.30 No. 20 第 30 卷第 20 期 TRANSACTIONS OF CHINA ELECTROTECHNICAL SOCIETY Oct. 2015 气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌研究 谢昌明 谈效华 杜 涛 肖明珠 （中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 绵阳 621900 ） 摘要 开展了不同放电条件下气体火花开关单次放电实验，研究发现表面电极材料喷溅程度 随着峰值电流和传递电荷量增大而逐渐变大，电极表面形成的烧蚀坑熔融化越明显，凹坑直径越 大。分别采用钼和钨作为开关电极材料，研究多次放电过程中气体火花开关电极烧蚀形貌的变化 规律和电极烧蚀率。结果表明，Mo 和W 开关的电极烧蚀率分别为9.0×10−6g·C−1 和5.0×10−6g·C−1 。 在放电过程中，烧蚀区域由电极中心扩宽至边缘，表面粗糙度逐渐增大，中心区烧蚀严重。Mo 电极表面呈现大量宽裂纹以及少量粒径达30μm 的突起颗粒；W 电极表面形成的凹坑较小，裂纹 较窄，突起颗粒较小。对比两种开关电极，Mo 开关电极烧蚀率较大（9.0×10−6g·C−1 ），烧蚀较严 重，表面呈明显熔融态；而 W 开关电极烧蚀率较小（5.0×10−6g·C−1 ），表面整体较平整。因此在 长寿命应用等场合，可优先选用W 作为电极材料，以减少电极烧蚀程度。 关键词：气体火花开关 电极材料 烧蚀率 微观形貌 能谱元素分析 中图分类号：TN78 Microstructure Characteristics in Electrodes of Gas Spark Gap after Erosion Xie Changming Tan Xiaohua Du Tao Xiao Mingzhu （Institute of Electronic Engineering CAEP Mianyang 621900 China ） Abstract Research on microstructure characteristics in electrodes of gas spark gap (GSG) after a shot at different conditions was carried out. It could be found that sputtering of electrode materials increases gradually with increasing of peak current and transfer charge. The melted state of craters gets visibly. The diameter of craters increases by degrees . Microstructure characteristics and erosion rates of GSG electrodes with Mo and W main electrodes after several shots were investigated. With discharging times increasing, the electrode erosion area extends from center to edge and it gets rough in the surface of electrodes. It was ablated seriously in central area. The Mo electrode exhibits heavier erosion condition than the W electrode. It presents a great quantity of wide crac