基于X射线平板探测器的直焊缝检测技术-电子与通信工程专业论文.docxVIP

中北大学学位论文 中北大学学位论文 基于 X 射线平板探测器的直焊缝检测技术 摘 要 随着科技的发展，焊接钢管已在工业生产的各个领域得到广泛应用，焊缝质量的检 测也成为决定产品质量的关键因素。在我国的焊缝射线检测领域，基于增强器的 X 射线 检测技术发展较早，但其针对的多是螺旋焊缝，而对直焊缝以及平板探测器在射线检测 中的应用近几年才刚刚发展起来。 本文根据实际工程生产的需要，采用 PerkinElmer 公司生产的 XRD0822 平板探测 器，结合西门子公司的 PLC 设备，研发了基于 X 射线平板探测器的直焊缝 PLC 控制接口 和实时成像检测软件。整个系统被应用在实际的生产中，最终的检测结果满足工业生产 的需求。 该系统的机械控制部分，通过 PLC 控制电机，实现数据的自动采集；在图像处理部 分，首先采用校正技术对平板探测器中的固有噪声进行抑制，针对 X 射线图像随机噪声 大的特点，采用多帧叠加平均的方法，有效地实现图像降噪，通过灰度自动调整算法， 提高图像的对比度。针对采集的动态序列图像模糊的特点，本文采用非局部均值滤波的 方法对动态降噪进行仿真，实验结果表明，该算法能抑制目标区域的噪声，提高动态图 像的清晰度。 在图像分割部分，首先介绍常用的分割算法，并针对直焊缝图像特有的灰度分布特 性，采用梯度阈值算法实现焊缝图像的分割提取。通过分析焊缝中常见的夹渣，气孔和 裂纹等缺陷图像，采用改进后的 Canny 算法提取缺陷的边缘，并对其内部进行填充。实 验表明，该算法编程简单，能有效提取焊缝缺陷。 关键词：射线检测，平板探测器，Modbus 协议，图像分割，动态降噪 The Detection of Straight Weld Based on X-ray Flat-panel Detector Abstract With the development of technology, welded steel-pipes have been widely used in various fields of industrial production. The detecting of weld quality has also become a key factor in determining products’ quality. In our country, the X-ray detection technology based on enhancer develops earlier in the field of weld ray detection. But it is mostly for spiral weld. Until recent years, straight weld and flat-panel detectors have just developed in the application of ray detection. According to the actual needs of the production, I develop the real-time imaging software which can detect longitudinal welded pipe based on X-ray. The software can be controlled by PLC. The flat-panel detector of this system is XRD0822 produced by PerkinElmer. At the same time, this system also used the PLC equipments of Siemens Company. This system is applied in the actual production. It is confirmed that this software meets the needs of industrial production. The mechanical control part of the system can control motors through PLC and can collect datas automatically. In the image processing section, reducing the intrinsic noise of the flat-panel detector using correction techniques. The random noise of images can be denoised by th