元素掺杂对贵金属三效催化剂催化活性影响和深度净化.docVIP

PAGE doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7545.2014.09.018元素掺杂对贵金属三效催化剂 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7545.2014.09.018 曹洪杨，王继民 （广州有色金属研究院 稀有金属研究所，广州 510650） 摘要：采用浸渍—涂敷技术制备掺杂的贵金属三效催化剂，研究Cu、Ni、Co、Pb、Sn和Bi含量对三效催化剂催化活性的影响，初步探讨了掺杂条件下催化剂失活机理，并考察了P204含量、皂化率、相比、溶液酸度、萃取级数等因素对深度脱除贵金属溶液中杂质元素的影响。结果表明，Cu、Ni、Co、Pb、Sn和Bi杂质含量低于10×10-6时，对制备的催化剂活性影响不明显；皂化率为30%的P204在pH=2.0、萃取时间20 min的条件下，Cu、Co、Sn和Bi的单级萃取率达99%以上，而Ni和Pb经三级逆流萃取后，萃余液中Ni、Pb含量可降到10×10-6以下，萃取率分别达96.37%和96.59%。 关键词：贵金属三效催化剂；掺杂；P204；萃取；皂化；净化 中图分类号：TF83；TF111.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2014）09-0000-00 Effect of Element Doping on Catalytic Activity of Precious Metal Three-way Catalysts and Deep Purification CAO Hong-yang, WANG Ji-min （Research Department of Rare Metals, Guangzhou Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Guangzhou 510650, China） Abstract: Doped precious metal three-way catalysts were prepared by technology of impregnation-coating. The effects of doping content of Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Sn and Bi on catalytic activity were investigated. The catalyst deactivation mechanism was preliminarily explored under doping. The effects of P204 content and saponification rate, phase ratio, pH, and extraction series on deep removal of impurity elements from precious metal solution were discussed. The results show that there is no obvious influence on catalyst activity when doping levels of Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Sn and Bi impurity contents are below 10×10-6. The single-stage extraction rates of Cu、Co、Sn、Bi are 99% above under the conditions of pH=2.0 and extraction duration of 20 min with 30% saponated P204, while content of Ni and Pb in solution can be reduced to 10×10-6 below after three-stage countercurrent extraction with extraction rate of 96.37% and 96.59% respectively. Key words：precious metal three-way catalyst; doping; P204; extraction; saponification; purification 汽车尾气中的CO、HC、NOx等污染物已成为城市空气污染的主要源头之一，三效汽车尾气净化催化剂是减少汽车尾气排放污染的有效手段之一，Pt、Pd、Rh贵金属三效催化剂以其优越的净化催化性能，成为汽车尾气净化催化剂的主要产品[1-2]。 汽车三效催化剂使用寿命是衡量催化剂性能的重要指标，催化剂失活主要包括机械失活、热力学失活和化学失活，其中机械失活和热失活的研究报道很多[3