10 Nanoconductive Adhesives外文电子书籍.pdfVIP

Chapter 10 Nanoconductive Adhesives Daoqiang Daniel Lu(*ü ), Yi Grace Li, and C.-P. Wong 10.1 Introduction Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are composites of polymeric matrices and electrically conductive fillers. Polymeric matrices have excellent dielectric properties and thus are electrical insulators. The conductive fillers provide the electrical properties and the polymeric matrix provides mechanical properties. Therefore, electrical and mechanical properties are provided by different components, which is different from metallic solders that provide both the electrical and mechanical properties. ECAs have been with us for some time. Metal-filled thermoset polymers were first patented as ECAs in the 1950s [1 – 3] . Recently, ECA materials have been identified as one of the major alternatives for lead-containing solders for microelectronic packaging applica- tions. There are two types of conductive adhesives: isotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs) and anisotropically conductive adhesives/films (ACAs/ACFs). ICAs, also known as “polymer solder,” are conductive in all directions. The conductive fillers provide the composite with electrical conductivity through con- tact between the conductive particles. With increasing filler concentrations, the electrical properties of an ICA transform it from an insulator to a conductor. Percolation theory has been used to explain the electrical properties of ICA com- posites. At low filler concentrations, the resistivities of ICAs decrease gradually with increasing filler concentration