高三英语定语从句1.docVIP

高三英语定语从句1北京四中 毕勤 一、语法知识　在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。　引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as 和 关系副词 when, where, why。 　关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词， 还在从句中充当一个成分。 关系代词　1．Who (人， 主格，从句中作主语，非正式文体中代替whom作宾语，但是如果关系代词作介词的宾语，介词提前，就不用who，而用whom)　The person to whom you spoke is a famous actor.　The person who(whom) you spoke to is a famous actor. 　2．Whom (人， 宾格，从句中作宾语，非正式文体中常省略) 　3．Whose (多指人，也可物，指物可以与of which互换，从句中作定语)　He mentioned a book whose author (= the author of which) I cant remember now. 　4. Which (指物，从句中作主语或宾语，宾语时常省略)　关系代词whom, which作从句中介词的宾语，介词一般提前，也可放在后面。但如果从句中的介词为谓语的动词短语，介词不能提前，需紧挨动词。　She sat on the corner of the table near the door by which he husband always entered.　She sat on the corner of the table near the door which he husband always entered by.　This is the key which you are looking for.　但是先行词是时间，介词应放在关系代词which之前，不放在句尾。　Ill never forget the day which I first met you on. (Χ)　如果whom, which为介词宾语被省略，介词不能提前。　I have the book you are talking about.　The girl he leaned against was his sister. 　5. that (指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)　He is not the man that he used to be.　that 在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that.　The house that we live in is not large.　The house in which we live is not large.　The house we live in is not large.　That 指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that.　1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词　2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。　3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。　4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。　That white flower is the only one that I really like.　This is the very book that I want to have.　The last place that we visited was the chemical works.　5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。　He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.　6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which.　Who is the person that is standing at the gate?　以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。 　6．as 　常用于 the same--- as, such ---as, as --- as , so ---