中科大陈初升《材料中的速率过程》习题解答汇总.pptxVIP

《材料中的速率过程》习题解答汇总;4-1 w(C)=0.85%的普碳钢加热到900℃在空气中保温1h后外层碳浓度降低到零，假如要求零件表层的碳浓度为0.8%，表面应车去多少深度？（已知900℃时，DCγ=1.1×10-7 cm2/s）;4-2 纯铁在950℃渗碳10h，所用渗碳气氛足以维持表面碳浓度为1.1%，分别求距表面0.5、1.0、1.2、1.5、2.0mm处的碳浓度，然后作出渗层内碳的浓度分布曲线。（已知950℃时，DCγ=5.8×10-2 mm2/h）。;得渗层内碳的浓度分布曲线：;4-3 20钢在930℃渗碳，若渗层深度定为从表面起测量到碳含量为0.4%的位置，求渗层深度与时间的关系。（设气氛的渗碳能力很强，可使表面碳浓度达到奥氏体中碳的饱和值Cs=1.4%，此时DCγ=3.6×10-2 mm2/h）;?;?;x/m;解： 此扩散过程符合一维半无限长扩散模型，此模型有解析解;lnCR;由以上拟合曲线可得，;a solar converter is being created by diffusing phosphorus(磷) into a silicon wafer that has been uniformly doped with boron concentration. A p-n conjunction will be formed at the depth where the phosphorous concentration is equal to the boron concentration. The boron(硼) concentration in the silicon is 1016 atoms/cm3. During the diffusion process, the phosphorus concentration on the surface is held at 1020 atoms/cm3. The diffusion coefficient of phosphorus at the temperature of interest is 10-12cm2/s. (a)if the diffusion is carried out for one hour, at what depth will a p-n junction be formed? (b)what total diffusion time is required to place the p-n junction at double the depth determined in part a ? ;分析：;解答与讨论;21.41 In this problem, we examine a model for the transport of oxygen from air in the lungs to blood. First, show that, for the initial and boundary conditions c(x,t)=c(x,0)=c0, (0x∞) and c(0,t)=cs, (0≤t≤∞) where c0 and cs are constants, the concentration, c(x,t), of a species is given by c(x,t)=c0+(cs-c0){1-erfξ} ξ(x,t)=x/(4Dt)1/2 where erfξ is the error function (Justification 9.4) and the concentration c(x,t) envolves by diffusion from the yz-plane of constant concentration, such as might occur if a condensed phase is absorbing a species from a gas phase. Now draw graphs of concentration profiles at several different times of your choice for the diffusion of oxygen into water at 298K (when D=2.10×10-9 m2s-1) on a spatial scale comparable to passage of oxygen from lungs through alveoli into the blood. Use c0=0 and set cs equal