乾隆朝引见文官籍贯、出身及相关问题分析——兼与雍正朝引见文官比较.pdfVIP

2011 5 May 2011 年 月 清史研究 2 The Qing History Journal No. 2 第 期 学术专论 、 乾隆朝引见文官籍贯 出身 及相关问题分析 ———兼与雍正朝引见文官比较 王志明 櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍 ［ ］ 、 、 ， 摘要 本文通过对乾隆朝引见文官地理分布 职官层级 科举出身等因素的分析 认为政治人材分布 ， ， 越往下层政区越不平衡 京畿和江南是两个最重要的人材核心区域 乾隆朝旗人和杭州府人材地位比雍正 ， 。 ， 朝更突出 笔帖式在乾隆朝更受重用 乾隆朝引见文官的科甲比率总体高于雍正朝 但乾隆朝贡生以下低 ， 。 学历出身者占据中上层职位的比例却高于科甲人员 省区官员的科甲比重与该省区官员比重大致成反比 各项分析表明旗人和京畿区域人材占据选官优势。 ［ ］ 关键词 乾隆朝 雍正朝 引见文官 地理分布 科举出身 职官层级 ［ ］K249. 3 ［ ］A ［ ］1002 － 8587 (2011) － 02 － 004 1 － 09 中图分类号 文献标识码 文章编号 An Analysis of the Native Places ，Examination Backgrounds and Other Relevant Issues of Presented Civil Officials during the Qianlong Reign and a Comparison with the Yongzheng Reign Through an analyses of factors such as their geographical distributions ，ranking stratifications ，imperial civil service examination backgrounds ，this article finds that the geographic origins of officials who had audiences with the emperor became more and more imbalanced from higher to lower Administrative Region． The Jiangnan and the capital regions were the two most significant core areas for personnel recruitment． Manchu bannermen and officials from Hangzhou prefecture also enjoyed higher status during the Qianlong reign than during the Yongzheng reign ，which the official clerks who were in charge of Manchu-Chinese paperwork received higher p