语言发展课件—行为主义.pptVIP

Behaviorism Contents 1. The definition of behaviorism, i.e. what is behaviorism? 2. The main ideas of behaviorism related to language learning. 3. The influences of behaviorism to both ESL and English teaching . 1. A brief introduction Behaviorism is a principle of scientific method based on the belief that human beings cannot know anything they have not experienced. ---胡壮麟《语言学教程》 It is a psychological theory of learning ( 1940s and 1950s), views learning as the formation of habits. For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of the positivistic brand of psychology known as Behaviorism. Other Major Thinkers in Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner Edward Thorndike John B. Watson Albert Bandrua ------Web  2. The main ideas of the theory The behaviorist view:  1. There is nothing linguistic in the mind of the newborn baby. 2. Language learning is the result of imitation, practice, feedback on success, and habit formation. 3. The quality and quantity of the language which the child hears, as well as the consistency of the reinforcement offered by others in the environment, should have an effect on the child’s success in the language learning. To put it simple Behaviorists thought language learning – occurs through a process of imitation, practice, reinforcement and habit formation. A formula Stimulus --- Response --- Reinforcement S→r --------------------- s→R Here S stands for practical stimulus, r stands for the substitute reaction of speech, s stands for the substitute stimulus, and R stands for external practical reaction. S—外部刺激 r—言语的代替反应 s—言语的代替性刺激 R—外部的实际反应 A classical example of the formula: Girl hungry (S)----make sounds(r)----boy pick up apple(s)----girl got the apple(R) ---胡壮麟《语言学教程》