大学英语语法第十讲被动语态.docVIP

第十讲 被动语态 一、构成 英语有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者, 被动语态 表示主语是谓语动作的承受者, 其构成为be + 过去分词。例如: They will widen the road . (主动) The road will be widened . (被动) Granny takes care of the girl . (主动) The girl is taken care of by Granny . (被动) Privileges must be done away with . 特权必须废除。 The matter will be dealt with as soon as possible . 这事将尽快处理。 1 . 被动语态各种时态形式表 一般时态进行时态完成时态 现在 am is ar e asked am is a re being asked has have been asked 过去 was we re asked was were being asked had been asked 将来 shall will be asked shall will have been asked 过去 将来 should would be asked should would have been asked I..m afraid I am being f ollowed . 恐怕我被人跟踪了。(现在进行时) We had to take a detour . The road was being repaired . 我们得绕行, 这条路在加宽。 (过去进行时) The case has recently been tried . 案子最近已经审过了。(现在完成时) All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived . 他们到达时, 所有的票已经售完。 (过去完成时) English is taught in most schools in China . 中国大多数学校都教英语。(一般现在时) They were given a warm send-off . 他们受到热烈的欢送。(一般过去时) Their wedding will be held in the church . 他们的婚礼将在这个教堂里举行。(一般将 来时) They were told that the result would be announced the next week . 他们被告知, 结果将 在下一周宣布。(过去将来时) 2 . 情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时, 结构为: 一般式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + be + 过去分词 完成式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + have + 过去分词 This can be done by hand . 这可以手工做。 This musn..t be neglected . 这一点不可忽视。 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 535 二、被动语态使用要点 It needn..t be mentioned in your talk . 这一点你在谈话中不必提及。 The environment should be improved . 环境应当改善。 The project might have been completed earlier . 这项工程本可以早些完工的。 Such a situation could have been changed . 这种状况本可以改变的。 They shouldn..t have been told about the plan . 这个计划是不应当告诉他们的。 3 . be going to 等不定式结构的被动形式 这类不定式结构的被动形式为: be going to ought to be to be bound to be sure to be cer tain to be due to be about to have( has) to had to + be + 过去分词 The patient ought to be operated on at once